Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered how calcium signaling channels in microglia—the primary immune cells of the brain—regulate neuroinflammation and promote the development of behaviors ...

Severe bacterial pneumonia remains a major cause of death in critically ill patients, largely due to impaired early immune responses. New research reveals that butyric acid, a metabolite produced by ...

Dental pulp regeneration remains a major clinical challenge. Researchers have discovered that SMAD7 directly forms a ...

(MEMPHIS, Tenn. – November 6, 2025) The enzyme RNA polymerase II transcribes genes into messenger RNA. This process is guided by modifications to the enzyme’s “tail” called phosphorylation patterns.

CAR architecture has evolved through four generations. The first relied solely on CD3ζ and lacked potency. Second-generation receptors added either CD28 or 4-1BB costimulation, striking a balance ...

West Feliciana High School AP biology students are studying cell signaling pathways by comparing effectiveness of commercial ...