Bones called vertebrae make up your spine. Muscles and ligaments connect your vertebrae to each other. Between the vertebrae lie soft, flat discs that provide cushioning and support. Each vertebra ...

Type 2 diabetes alters the behavior of discs in the vertebral column, making them stiffer, and also causes the discs to change shape earlier than normal. As a result, the disc's ability to withstand ...

The lumbar vertebrae are the largest movable bones of the backbone. Their large size and bone strength is necessary because these vertebrae support more weight than the upper two segments of the ...

What Is the Cervical Spine? Where Is the Cervical Spine Located? A long, flexible column extending through most of your upper body, the spinal column consists of seven bones called vertebrae. The ...

Thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (TOPLL) is a rare condition associated with ectopic bone formation in the thoracic spine. A long-term follow-up study from Japan shows ...

Cervical stenosis is the narrowing of the vertebral canal in the neck. It is a common cause of neck pain and is more common in elderly patients. Up to 26% percent of people over the age of 64 may have ...

The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated unless otherwise noted. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I ...